Fachgebiet Wissensverarbeitung (KDE), EECS, Universität Kassel

Das Fachgebiet Wissensverarbeitung des Fachbereichs Elektrotechnik/Informatik forscht an der Entwicklung von Methoden zur Wissensentdeckung und Wissensrepräsentation (Approximation und Exploration von Wissen, Ordnungsstrukturen in Wissen, Ontologieentwicklung) in Daten als auch in der Analyse von (sozialen) Netzwerkdaten und damit verbundenen Wissensprozessen (Metriken in Netzwerken, Anomalieerkennung, Charakterisierung von sozialen Netzwerken). Dabei liegt ein Schwerpunkt auf der exakten algebraischen Modellierung der verwendeten Strukturen und auf der Evaluierung und Neuentwicklung von Netzwerkmaßen. Neben der Erforschung von Grundlagen in den Gebieten Ordnungs- und Verbandstheorie, Beschreibungslogiken, Graphentheorie und Ontologie werden auch Anwendungen – bspw. in sozialen Medien sowie in der Szientometrie – erforscht. Das Fachgebiet Wissensverarbeitung ist Mitglied im Wissenschaftlichen Zentrum für Informationstechnik-Gestaltung (ITeG) der Universität Kassel, im Wissenschaftlichen Zentrum INCHER der Universität Kassel und im Forschungszentrum L3S.

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Unsere neusten Publikationen

• Borchmann, D., Hanika, T., Obiedkov, S.: Probably approximately correct learning of Horn envelopes from queries. Discrete Applied Mathematics. 273, 30 - 42 (2020).

  We propose an algorithm for learning the Horn envelope of an arbitrary domain using an expert, or an oracle, capable of answering certain types of queries about this domain. Attribute exploration from formal concept analysis is a procedure that solves this problem, but the number of queries it may ask is exponential in the size of the resulting Horn formula in the worst case. We recall a well-known polynomial-time algorithm for learning Horn formulas with membership and equivalence queries and modify it to obtain a polynomial-time probably approximately correct algorithm for learning the Horn envelope of an arbitrary domain.
• Dürrschnabel, D., Hanika, T., Stubbemann, M.: FCA2VEC: Embedding Techniques for Formal Concept Analysis. CoRR (accepted as a chapter of the Springer volume titled "Complex Data Analytics with Formal Concept Analysis"). abs/1911.11496, (2019).
• Felde, M., Hanika, T.: Formal Context Generation Using Dirichlet Distributions. In: Endres, D., Alam, M., and Sotropa, D. (eds.) ICCS. pp. 57-71. Springer (2019).
• Felde, M., Stumme, G.: Interactive Collaborative Exploration using Incomplete Contexts, https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.08740, (2019).

  A common representation of information about relations of objects and attributes in knowledge domains are data-tables. The structure of such information can be analysed using Formal Concept Analysis (FCA). Attribute exploration is a knowledge acquisition method from FCA that reveals dependencies in a set of attributes with help of a domain expert. However, in general no single expert is capable (time- and knowledge-wise) of exploring knowledge domains alone. Therefore it is important to develop methods that allow multiple experts to explore domains together. To this end we build upon results on representation of incomplete knowledge [2, 8-10], adapt the corresponding version of attribute exploration to fit the setting of multiple experts and suggest formalizations for key components like expert knowledge, interaction and collaboration strategy. Furthermore we discuss ways of comparing collaboration strategies and suggest avenues for future research.
• Dürrschnabel, D., Hanika, T., Stubbemann, M.: FCA2VEC: Embedding Techniques for Formal Concept Analysis, http://arxiv.org/abs/1911.11496, (2019).

  Embedding large and high dimensional data into low dimensional vector spaces is a necessary task to computationally cope with contemporary data sets. Superseding latent semantic analysis recent approaches like word2vec or node2vec are well established tools in this realm. In the present paper we add to this line of research by introducing fca2vec, a family of embedding techniques for formal concept analysis (FCA). Our investigation contributes to two distinct lines of research. First, we enable the application of FCA notions to large data sets. In particular, we demonstrate how the cover relation of a concept lattice can be retrieved from a computational feasible embedding. Secondly, we show an enhancement for the classical node2vec approach in low dimension. For both directions the overall constraint of FCA of explainable results is preserved. We evaluate our novel procedures by computing fca2vec on different data sets like, wiki44 (a dense part of the Wikidata knowledge graph), the Mushroom data set and a publication network derived from the FCA community.
• Felde, M., Hanika, T.: Formal Context Generation Using Dirichlet Distributions. In: Endres, D., Alam, M., and Sotropa, D. (eds.) ICCS. pp. 57-71. Springer (2019).
• Schäfermeier, B., Hanika, T., Stumme, G.: Distances for WiFi Based Topological Indoor Mapping. 16th EAI International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Systems: Computing, Networking and Services (MobiQuitous), November 12--14, 2019, Houston, TX, USA (2019).

  For localization and mapping of indoor environments through WiFi signals, locations are often represented as likelihoods of the received signal strength indicator. In this work we compare various measures of distance between such likelihoods in combination with different methods for estimation and representation. In particular, we show that among the considered distance measures the Earth Mover's Distance seems the most beneficial for the localization task. Combined with kernel density estimation we were able to retain the topological structure of rooms in a real-world office scenario.
• Stubbemann, M., Hanika, T., Stumme, G.: Orometric Methods in Bounded Metric Data. CoRR. abs/1907.09239, (2019).
• Hanika, T., Hirth, J.: Conexp-Clj - A Research Tool for FCA. In: Cristea, D., Ber, F.L., Missaoui, R., Kwuida, L., and Sertkaya, B. (eds.) ICFCA (Supplements). pp. 70-75. CEUR-WS.org (2019).
• Dürrschnabel, D., Hanika, T., Stumme, G.: Drawing Order Diagrams Through Two-Dimension Extension, http://arxiv.org/abs/1906.06208, (2019).

  Order diagrams are an important tool to visualize the complex structure of ordered sets. Favorable drawings of order diagrams, i.e., easily readable for humans, are hard to come by, even for small ordered sets. Many attempts were made to transfer classical graph drawing approaches to order diagrams. Although these methods produce satisfying results for some ordered sets, they unfortunately perform poorly in general. In this work we present the novel algorithm DimDraw to draw order diagrams. This algorithm is based on a relation between the dimension of an ordered set and the bipartiteness of a corresponding graph.
• Hanika, T., Koyda, M., Stumme, G.: Relevant Attributes in Formal Contexts. In: Endres, D., Alam, M., and Sotropa, D. (eds.) ICCS. pp. 102-116. Springer (2019).
• Stubbemann, M., Hanika, T., Stumme, G.: Orometric Methods in Bounded Metric Data. CoRR. abs/1907.09239, (2019).
• Hanika, T., Marx, M., Stumme, G.: Discovering Implicational Knowledge in Wikidata. In: Cristea, D., Ber, F.L., and Sertkaya, B. (eds.) ICFCA. pp. 315-323. Springer (2019).
• Hanika, T., Herde, M., Kuhn, J., Leimeister, J.M., Lukowicz, P., Oeste-Reiß, S., Schmidt, A., Sick, B., Stumme, G., Tomforde, S., Zweig, K.A.: Collaborative Interactive Learning - A clarification of terms and a differentiation from other research fields. CoRR. abs/1905.07264, (2019).
• Kibanov, M., Heiberger, R.H., Rödder, S., Atzmueller, M., Stumme, G.: Social studies of scholarly life with sensor-based ethnographic observations. Scientometrics. (2019).

  Social network analysis is playing an increasingly important role in sociological studies. At the same time, new technologies such as wearable sensors make it possible to collect new types of social network data. We employed RFID tags to capture face-to-face interactions of participants of two consecutive Ph.D. retreats of a graduate school on climate research. We use this data in order to explore how it may support ethnographic observations and to gain further insights on scholarly interactions. The unique feature of the data is the opportunity to distinguish short and long conversations, which often have a different nature from a sociological point of view. Furthermore, an advantage of this data is the availability of socio-demographic, research-related, and situational attributes of participants. We show that, even though an interaction partner is often found rather randomly during coffee breaks of retreats, a strong homophily between participants from the same institutions or research areas exists. We identify cores of the networks and participants who play ambassador roles between communities, e.g., persons who visit the retreat for the second time are more likely to be ambassadors. Overall, we show the usefulness and potential of RFID tags for scientometric studies.
• Hanika, T., Marx, M., Stumme, G.: Discovering Implicational Knowledge in Wikidata, http://arxiv.org/abs/1902.00916, (2019).

  Knowledge graphs have recently become the state-of-the-art tool for representing the diverse and complex knowledge of the world. Examples include the proprietary knowledge graphs of companies such as Google, Facebook, IBM, or Microsoft, but also freely available ones such as YAGO, DBpedia, and Wikidata. A distinguishing feature of Wikidata is that the knowledge is collaboratively edited and curated. While this greatly enhances the scope of Wikidata, it also makes it impossible for a single individual to grasp complex connections between properties or understand the global impact of edits in the graph. We apply Formal Concept Analysis to efficiently identify comprehensible implications that are implicitly present in the data. Although the complex structure of data modelling in Wikidata is not amenable to a direct approach, we overcome this limitation by extracting contextual representations of parts of Wikidata in a systematic fashion. We demonstrate the practical feasibility of our approach through several experiments and show that the results may lead to the discovery of interesting implicational knowledge. Besides providing a method for obtaining large real-world data sets for FCA, we sketch potential applications in offering semantic assistance for editing and curating Wikidata.
• Schaefermeier, B., Hanika, T., Stumme, G.: Distances for wifi based topological indoor mapping. Proceedings of the 16th EAI International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Systems: Computing, Networking and Services. ACM (2019).
• Hanika, T., Marx, M., Stumme, G.: Discovering Implicational Knowledge in Wikidata, http://arxiv.org/abs/1902.00916, (2019).

  Knowledge graphs have recently become the state-of-the-art tool for representing the diverse and complex knowledge of the world. Examples include the proprietary knowledge graphs of companies such as Google, Facebook, IBM, or Microsoft, but also freely available ones such as YAGO, DBpedia, and Wikidata. A distinguishing feature of Wikidata is that the knowledge is collaboratively edited and curated. While this greatly enhances the scope of Wikidata, it also makes it impossible for a single individual to grasp complex connections between properties or understand the global impact of edits in the graph. We apply Formal Concept Analysis to efficiently identify comprehensible implications that are implicitly present in the data. Although the complex structure of data modelling in Wikidata is not amenable to a direct approach, we overcome this limitation by extracting contextual representations of parts of Wikidata in a systematic fashion. We demonstrate the practical feasibility of our approach through several experiments and show that the results may lead to the discovery of interesting implicational knowledge. Besides providing a method for obtaining large real-world data sets for FCA, we sketch potential applications in offering semantic assistance for editing and curating Wikidata.
• Hanika, T., Hirth, J.: Conexp-Clj - A Research Tool for FCA. In: Cristea, D., Ber, F.L., Missaoui, R., Kwuida, L., and Sertkaya, B. (eds.) ICFCA (Supplements). pp. 70-75. CEUR-WS.org (2019).
• Dürrschnabel, D., Hanika, T., Stumme, G.: DimDraw - A Novel Tool for Drawing Concept Lattices. In: Cristea, D., Ber, F.L., Missaoui, R., Kwuida, L., and Sertkaya, B. (eds.) ICFCA (Supplements). pp. 60-64. CEUR-WS.org (2019).
• Dürrschnabel, D., Hanika, T., Stumme, G.: Drawing Order Diagrams Through Two-Dimension Extension. CoRR. abs/1906.06208, (2019).
• Hanika, T., Marx, M., Stumme, G.: Discovering Implicational Knowledge in Wikidata. In: Cristea, D., Ber, F.L., and Sertkaya, B. (eds.) ICFCA. pp. 315-323. Springer (2019).
• Dürrschnabel, D., Hanika, T., Stumme, G.: DimDraw - A Novel Tool for Drawing Concept Lattices. In: Cristea, D., Ber, F.L., Missaoui, R., Kwuida, L., and Sertkaya, B. (eds.) ICFCA (Supplements). pp. 60-64. CEUR-WS.org (2019).
• Stubbemann, M., Hanika, T., Stumme, G.: Orometric Methods in Bounded Metric Data. CoRR. abs/1907.09239, (2019).
• Hanika, T., Koyda, M., Stumme, G.: Relevant Attributes in Formal Contexts. In: Endres, D., Alam, M., and Sotropa, D. (eds.) ICCS. pp. 102-116. Springer (2019).
• Felde, M., Stumme, G.: Interactive Collaborative Exploration using Incomplete Contexts, https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.08740, (2019).

  A common representation of information about relations of objects and attributes in knowledge domains are data-tables. The structure of such information can be analysed using Formal Concept Analysis (FCA). Attribute exploration is a knowledge acquisition method from FCA that reveals dependencies in a set of attributes with help of a domain expert. However, in general no single expert is capable (time- and knowledge-wise) of exploring knowledge domains alone. Therefore it is important to develop methods that allow multiple experts to explore domains together. To this end we build upon results on representation of incomplete knowledge [2, 8-10], adapt the corresponding version of attribute exploration to fit the setting of multiple experts and suggest formalizations for key components like expert knowledge, interaction and collaboration strategy. Furthermore we discuss ways of comparing collaboration strategies and suggest avenues for future research.
• Dürrschnabel, D., Hanika, T., Stumme, G.: Drawing Order Diagrams Through Two-Dimension Extension. CoRR. abs/1906.06208, (2019).
• Dürrschnabel, D., Hanika, T., Stumme, G.: Drawing Order Diagrams Through Two-Dimension Extension, http://arxiv.org/abs/1906.06208, (2019).

  Order diagrams are an important tool to visualize the complex structure of ordered sets. Favorable drawings of order diagrams, i.e., easily readable for humans, are hard to come by, even for small ordered sets. Many attempts were made to transfer classical graph drawing approaches to order diagrams. Although these methods produce satisfying results for some ordered sets, they unfortunately perform poorly in general. In this work we present the novel algorithm DimDraw to draw order diagrams. This algorithm is based on a relation between the dimension of an ordered set and the bipartiteness of a corresponding graph.
• Schäfermeier, B., Hanika, T., Stumme, G.: Distances for WiFi Based Topological Indoor Mapping. 16th EAI International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Systems: Computing, Networking and Services (MobiQuitous), November 12--14, 2019, Houston, TX, USA (2019).

  For localization and mapping of indoor environments through WiFi signals, locations are often represented as likelihoods of the received signal strength indicator. In this work we compare various measures of distance between such likelihoods in combination with different methods for estimation and representation. In particular, we show that among the considered distance measures the Earth Mover's Distance seems the most beneficial for the localization task. Combined with kernel density estimation we were able to retain the topological structure of rooms in a real-world office scenario.
• Dürrschnabel, D., Hanika, T., Stumme, G.: DimDraw - A Novel Tool for Drawing Concept Lattices. In: Cristea, D., Ber, F.L., Missaoui, R., Kwuida, L., and Sertkaya, B. (eds.) ICFCA (Supplements). pp. 60-64. CEUR-WS.org (2019).
• Hanika, T., Herde, M., Kuhn, J., Leimeister, J.M., Lukowicz, P., Oeste-Reiß, S., Schmidt, A., Sick, B., Stumme, G., Tomforde, S., Zweig, K.A.: Collaborative Interactive Learning - A clarification of terms and a differentiation from other research fields. CoRR. abs/1905.07264, (2019).
• Hanika, T., Kibanov, M., Kropf, J., Laser, S.: Ich denke, es ist wichtig zu verstehen, warum die Netzwerkanalyse jetzt populär und besonders interessant für die Forschung geworden ist. In: Kropf, J. and Laser, S. (eds.) Digitale Bewertungspraktiken. p. 165--188. Springer (2019).
• Hanika, T., Koyda, M., Stumme, G.: Relevant Attributes in Formal Contexts. In: Endres, D., Alam, M., and Sotropa, D. (eds.) ICCS. pp. 102-116. Springer (2019).
• Hanika, T.: Discovering Knowledge in Bipartite Graphs with Formal Concept Analysis., (2019).
• Dürrschnabel, D., Hanika, T., Stubbemann, M.: FCA2VEC: Embedding Techniques for Formal Concept Analysis, http://arxiv.org/abs/1911.11496, (2019).

  Embedding large and high dimensional data into low dimensional vector spaces is a necessary task to computationally cope with contemporary data sets. Superseding latent semantic analysis recent approaches like word2vec or node2vec are well established tools in this realm. In the present paper we add to this line of research by introducing fca2vec, a family of embedding techniques for formal concept analysis (FCA). Our investigation contributes to two distinct lines of research. First, we enable the application of FCA notions to large data sets. In particular, we demonstrate how the cover relation of a concept lattice can be retrieved from a computational feasible embedding. Secondly, we show an enhancement for the classical node2vec approach in low dimension. For both directions the overall constraint of FCA of explainable results is preserved. We evaluate our novel procedures by computing fca2vec on different data sets like, wiki44 (a dense part of the Wikidata knowledge graph), the Mushroom data set and a publication network derived from the FCA community.
• Doerfel, S., Hanika, T., Stumme, G.: Clones in Graphs. In: Ceci, M., Japkowicz, N., Liu, J., Papadopoulos, G.A., and Ras, Z.W. (eds.) ISMIS. pp. 56-66. Springer (2018).
• Hanika, T., Schneider, F.M., Stumme, G.: Intrinsic dimension of concept lattices. CoRR. abs/1801.07985, (2018).

  Geometric analysis is a very capable theory to understand the influence of the high dimensionality of the input data in machine learning (ML) and knowledge discovery (KD). With our approach we can assess how far the application of a specific KD/ML-algorithm to a concrete data set is prone to the curse of dimensionality. To this end we extend V.~Pestov's axiomatic approach to the instrinsic dimension of data sets, based on the seminal work by M.~Gromov on concentration phenomena, and provide an adaptable and computationally feasible model for studying observable geometric invariants associated to features that are natural to both the data and the learning procedure. In detail, we investigate data represented by formal contexts and give first theoretical as well as experimental insights into the intrinsic dimension of a concept lattice. Because of the correspondence between formal concepts and maximal cliques in graphs, applications to social network analysis are at hand.
• Hanika, T., Koyda, M., Stumme, G.: Relevant Attributes in Formal Contexts. CoRR. abs/1812.08868, (2018).
• Hanika, T., Schneider, F.M., Stumme, G.: Intrinsic Dimension of Geometric Data Sets, http://arxiv.org/abs/1801.07985, (2018).

  The curse of dimensionality is a phenomenon frequently observed in machine learning (ML) and knowledge discovery (KD). There is a large body of literature investigating its origin and impact, using methods from mathematics as well as from computer science. Among the mathematical insights into data dimensionality, there is an intimate link between the dimension curse and the phenomenon of measure concentration, which makes the former accessible to methods of geometric analysis. The present work provides a comprehensive study of the intrinsic geometry of a data set, based on Gromov's metric measure geometry and Pestov's axiomatic approach to intrinsic dimension. In detail, we define a concept of geometric data set and introduce a metric as well as a partial order on the set of isomorphism classes of such data sets. Based on these objects, we propose and investigate an axiomatic approach to the intrinsic dimension of geometric data sets and establish a concrete dimension function with the desired properties. Our mathematical model for data sets and their intrinsic dimension is computationally feasible and, moreover, adaptable to specific ML/KD-algorithms, as illustrated by various experiments.
• Doerfel, S., Hanika, T., Stumme, G.: Clones in Graphs. In: Ceci, M., Japkowicz, N., Liu, J., Papadopoulos, G.A., and Ras, Z.W. (eds.) ISMIS. pp. 56-66. Springer (2018).
• Hanika, T., Koyda, M., Stumme, G.: Relevant Attributes in Formal Contexts. CoRR. abs/1812.08868, (2018).
• Hanika, T., Schneider, F.M., Stumme, G.: Intrinsic Dimension of Geometric Data Sets, http://arxiv.org/abs/1801.07985, (2018).

  The curse of dimensionality is a phenomenon frequently observed in machine learning (ML) and knowledge discovery (KD). There is a large body of literature investigating its origin and impact, using methods from mathematics as well as from computer science. Among the mathematical insights into data dimensionality, there is an intimate link between the dimension curse and the phenomenon of measure concentration, which makes the former accessible to methods of geometric analysis. The present work provides a comprehensive study of the intrinsic geometry of a data set, based on Gromov's metric measure geometry and Pestov's axiomatic approach to intrinsic dimension. In detail, we define a concept of geometric data set and introduce a metric as well as a partial order on the set of isomorphism classes of such data sets. Based on these objects, we propose and investigate an axiomatic approach to the intrinsic dimension of geometric data sets and establish a concrete dimension function with the desired properties. Our mathematical model for data sets and their intrinsic dimension is computationally feasible and, moreover, adaptable to specific ML/KD-algorithms, as illustrated by various experiments.
• Thiele, L., Atzmueller, M., Stumme, G., Kauffeld, S.: Frequent and/or Durable? The Predictive Impact of Initial Face-to-Face Contacts on the Formation and Evolution of Developmental Peer Network Relationships. Psychology. (2018).
• Felde, M., Hanika, T.: Formal Context Generation using Dirichlet Distributions. CoRR. abs/1809.11160, (2018).
• Kibanov, M., Becker, M., Müller, J., Atzmueller, M., Hotho, A., Stumme, G.: Adaptive kNN Using Expected Accuracy for Classification of Geo-Spatial Data. Proc. 33rd ACM Symposium On Applied Computing. ACM Press, New York, NY, USA (2018).
• Navarro Bullock, B., Hotho, A., Stumme, G.: Accessing Information with Tags: Search and Ranking. In: Brusilovsky, P. and He, D. (eds.) Social Information Access: Systems and Technologies. p. 310--343. Springer International Publishing, Cham (2018).

  With the growth of the Social Web, a variety of new web-based services arose and changed the way users interact with the internet and consume information. One central phenomenon was and is tagging which allows to manage, organize and access information in social systems. Tagging helps to manage all kinds of resources, making their access much easier. The first type of social tagging systems were social bookmarking systems, i.e., platforms for storing and sharing bookmarks on the web rather than just in the browser. Meanwhile, (hash-)tagging is central in many other Social Media systems such as social networking sites and micro-blogging platforms. To allow for efficient information access, special algorithms have been developed to guide the user, to search for information and to rank the content based on tagging information contributed by the users.
• Atzmueller, M., Thiele, L., Stumme, G., Kauffeld, S.: Analyzing Group Interaction on Networks of Face-to-Face Proximity using Wearable Sensors. Proc. IEEE International Conference on Future IoT Technologies. IEEE Press, Boston, MA, USA (2018).
• Doerfel, S., Hanika, T., Stumme, G.: Clones in Social Networks. CoRR. abs/1802.07849, (2018).

  It is well known that any bipartite (social) network can be regarded as a formal context \($(G,M,I)$\). Therefore, such networks give raise to formal concept lattices which can be investigated utilizing the toolset of Formal Concept Analysis (FCA). In particular, the notion of clones in closure systems on \($M$\), i.e., pairwise interchangeable attributes that leave the closure system unchanged, suggests itself naturally as a candidate to be analyzed in the realm of FCA based social network analysis. In this study, we investigate the notion of clones in social networks. After building up some theoretical background for the clone relation in formal contexts we try to find clones in real word data sets. To this end, we provide an experimental evaluation on nine mostly well known social networks and provide some first insights on the impact of clones. We conclude our work by nourishing the understanding of clones by generalizing those to permutations of higher order.
• Axenovich, M., Duerrschnabel, D.: Subsets of vertices of the same size and the same maximum distance. 5, (2018).
• Schäfermeier, B., Hanika, T., Stumme, G.: Distances for WiFi Based Topological Indoor Mapping, http://arxiv.org/abs/1809.07405, (2018).

  For localization and mapping of indoor environments through WiFi signals, locations are often represented as likelihoods of the received signal strength indicator. In this work we compare various measures of distance between such likelihoods in combination with different methods for estimation and representation. In particular, we show that among the considered distance measures the Earth Mover's Distance seems the most beneficial for the localization task. Combined with kernel density estimation we were able to retain the topological structure of rooms in a real-world office scenario.
• Schmidt, A., Stumme, G.: Prominence and Dominance in Networks. In: Faron Zucker, C., Ghidini, C., Napoli, A., and Yannick, T. (eds.) Proceedings of the 21th International Conference on Knowledge Engineering and Knowledge Management (EKAW). pp. 370-385. Springer (2018).
• Thiele, L., Atzmueller, M., Stumme, G., Kauffeld, S.: Frequent and/or Durable? The Predictive Impact of Initial Face-to-Face Contacts on the Formation and Evolution of Students' Developmental Peer Network Relationships. Psychology. 09, 633--654 (2018).
• Schäfermeier, B., Hanika, T., Stumme, G.: Distances for WiFi Based Topological Indoor Mapping, http://arxiv.org/abs/1809.07405, (2018).

  For localization and mapping of indoor environments through WiFi signals, locations are often represented as likelihoods of the received signal strength indicator. In this work we compare various measures of distance between such likelihoods in combination with different methods for estimation and representation. In particular, we show that among the considered distance measures the Earth Mover's Distance seems the most beneficial for the localization task. Combined with kernel density estimation we were able to retain the topological structure of rooms in a real-world office scenario.
• Demel, A., Dürrschnabel, D., Mchedlidze, T., Radermacher, M., Wulf, L.: A Greedy Heuristic for Crossing-Angle Maximization. In: Biedl, T.C. and Kerren, A. (eds.) Graph Drawing. pp. 286-299. Springer (2018).
• Schmidt, A., Stumme, G.: Prominence and Dominance in Networks. In: Faron Zucker, C., Ghidini, C., Napoli, A., and Yannick, T. (eds.) Proceedings of the 21th International Conference on Knowledge Engineering and Knowledge Management (EKAW). pp. 370-385. Springer (2018).
• Kibanov, M., Stumme, G., Amin, I., Lee, J.G.: Mining social media to inform peatland fire and haze disaster management. Social Network Analysis and Mining. 7, 30 (2017).

  Peatland fires and haze events are disasters with national, regional, and international implications. The phenomena lead to direct damage to local assets, as well as broader economic and environmental losses. Satellite imagery is still the main and often the only available source of information for disaster management. In this article, we test the potential of social media to assist disaster management. To this end, we compare insights from two datasets: fire hotspots detected via NASA satellite imagery and almost all GPS-stamped tweets from Sumatra Island, Indonesia, posted during 2014. Sumatra Island is chosen as it regularly experiences a significant number of haze events, which affect citizens in Indonesia as well as in nearby countries including Malaysia and Singapore. We analyze temporal correlations between the datasets and their geo-spatial interdependence. Furthermore, we show how Twitter data reveal changes in users' behavior during severe haze events. Overall, we demonstrate that social media are a valuable source of complementary and supplementary information for haze disaster management. Based on our methodology and findings, an analytics tool to improve peatland fire and haze disaster management by the Indonesian authorities is under development.
• Mueller, J., Stumme, G.: Predicting Rising Follower Counts on Twitter Using Profile Information. 9th International ACM Web Science Conference 2017 (WebSci 2017), Troy, NY, USA, June 26-28, 2017. Accepted for Publication. ACM, New York, NY, USA (2017).

  When evaluating the cause of one's popularity on Twitter, one thing is considered to be the main driver: Many tweets. There is debate about the kind of tweet one should publish, but little beyond tweets. Of particular interest is the information provided by each Twitter user's profile page. One of the features are the given names on those profiles. Studies on psychology and economics identified correlations of the first name to, e.g., one's school marks or chances of getting a job interview in the US. Therefore, we are interested in the influence of those profile information on the follower count. We addressed this question by analyzing the profiles of about 6 Million Twitter users. All profiles are separated into three groups: Users that have a first name, English words, or neither of both in their name field. The assumption is that names and words influence the discoverability of a user and subsequently his/her follower count. We propose a classifier that labels users who will increase their follower count within a month by applying different models based on the user's group. The classifiers are evaluated with the area under the receiver operator curve score and achieves a score above 0.800.
• Atzmueller, M., Thiele, L., Stumme, G., Kauffeld, S.: Contact Patterns, Group Interaction and Dynamics on Socio-Behavioral Multiplex Networks. Proc. Annual Machine Learning Conference of the Benelux (Benelearn 2017). Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands (2017).
• Kibanov, M., Stumme, G., Amin, I., Lee, J.G.: Mining social media to inform peatland fire and haze disaster management. Social Network Analysis and Mining. 7, 30 (2017).

  Peatland fires and haze events are disasters with national, regional, and international implications. The phenomena lead to direct damage to local assets, as well as broader economic and environmental losses. Satellite imagery is still the main and often the only available source of information for disaster management. In this article, we test the potential of social media to assist disaster management. To this end, we compare insights from two datasets: fire hotspots detected via NASA satellite imagery and almost all GPS-stamped tweets from Sumatra Island, Indonesia, posted during 2014. Sumatra Island is chosen as it regularly experiences a significant number of haze events, which affect citizens in Indonesia as well as in nearby countries including Malaysia and Singapore. We analyze temporal correlations between the datasets and their geo-spatial interdependence. Furthermore, we show how Twitter data reveal changes in users' behavior during severe haze events. Overall, we demonstrate that social media are a valuable source of complementary and supplementary information for haze disaster management. Based on our methodology and findings, an analytics tool to improve peatland fire and haze disaster management by the Indonesian authorities is under development.
• Atzmueller, M., Schmidt, A., Kloepper, B., Arnu, D.: HypGraphs: An Approach for Analysis and Assessment of Graph-Based and Sequential Hypotheses. New Frontiers in Mining Complex Patterns. Postproceedings NFMCP 2016. Springer Verlag, Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany (2017).
• Zoller, D., Doerfel, S., Jäschke, R., Stumme, G., Hotho, A.: Posted, visited, exported: Altmetrics in the social tagging system BibSonomy. Journal of Informetrics. 10, 732 - 749 (2016).

  Abstract In social tagging systems, like Mendeley, CiteULike, and BibSonomy, users can post, tag, visit, or export scholarly publications. In this paper, we compare citations with metrics derived from users’ activities (altmetrics) in the popular social bookmarking system BibSonomy. Our analysis, using a corpus of more than 250,000 publications published before 2010, reveals that overall, citations and altmetrics in BibSonomy are mildly correlated. Furthermore, grouping publications by user-generated tags results in topic-homogeneous subsets that exhibit higher correlations with citations than the full corpus. We find that posts, exports, and visits of publications are correlated with citations and even bear predictive power over future impact. Machine learning classifiers predict whether the number of citations that a publication receives in a year exceeds the median number of citations in that year, based on the usage counts of the preceding year. In that setup, a Random Forest predictor outperforms the baseline on average by seven percentage points.
• Atzmueller, M., Hanika, T., Stumme, G., Schaller, R., Ludwig, B.: Social Event Network Analysis: Structure, Preferences, and Reality. Proc. IEEE/ACM ASONAM. IEEE Press, Boston, MA, USA (2016).
• Mueller, J., Stumme, G.: Gender Inference using Statistical Name Characteristics in Twitter. 5th ASE International Conference on Social Informatics (SocInfo 2016), Union, NJ, USA, August 15-17, 2016. Proceedings. p. 47:1--47:8. ACM, New York, NY, USA (2016).

  Much attention has been given to the task of gender inference of Twitter users. Although names are strong gender indicators, the names of Twitter users are rarely used as a feature; probably due to the high number of ill-formed names, which cannot be found in any name dictionary. Instead of relying solely on a name database, we propose a novel name classifier. Our approach extracts characteristics from the user names and uses those in order to assign the names to a gender. This enables us to classify international first names as well as ill-formed names.
• Atzmueller, M., Ernst, A., Krebs, F., Scholz, C., Stumme, G.: Formation and Temporal Evolution of Social Groups During Coffee Breaks. Postproceedings of the International Workshops MUSE & SenseML 2014, Nancy, France, and MSM 2014, Seoul, Korea. Springer Verlag, Heidelberg, Germany (2016).
• Atzmueller, M., Thiele, L., Stumme, G., Kauffeld, S.: Analyzing Group Interaction and Dynamics on Socio-Behavioral Networks of Face-to-Face Proximity. Proc. ACM Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing Adjunct Publication. ACM Press, New York, NY, USA (2016).
• Atzmueller, M., Kloepper, B., Mawla, H.A., Jäschke, B., Hollender, M., Graube, M., Arnu, D., Schmidt, A., Heinze, S., Schorer, L., Kroll, A., Stumme, G., Urbas, L.: Big Data Analytics for Proactive Industrial Decision Support: Approaches & First Experiences in the Context of the FEE Project. atp edition. 58, (2016).
• Sîrbu, A., Becker, M., Caminiti, S., De Baets, B., Elen, B., Francis, L., Gravino, P., Hotho, A., Ingarra, S., Loreto, V., Molino, A., Mueller, J., Peters, J., Ricchiuti, F., Saracino, F., Servedio, V.D.P., Stumme, G., Theunis, J., Tria, F., Van den Bossche, J.: Participatory Patterns in an International Air Quality Monitoring Initiative. PLOS ONE. 10, 1-19 (2015).

  The issue of sustainability is at the top of the political and societal agenda, being considered of extreme importance and urgency. Human individual action impacts the environment both locally (e.g., local air/water quality, noise disturbance) and globally (e.g., climate change, resource use). Urban environments represent a crucial example, with an increasing realization that the most effective way of producing a change is involving the citizens themselves in monitoring campaigns (a citizen science bottom-up approach). This is possible by developing novel technologies and IT infrastructures enabling large citizen participation. Here, in the wider framework of one of the first such projects, we show results from an international competition where citizens were involved in mobile air pollution monitoring using low cost sensing devices, combined with a web-based game to monitor perceived levels of pollution. Measures of shift in perceptions over the course of the campaign are provided, together with insights into participatory patterns emerging from this study. Interesting effects related to inertia and to direct involvement in measurement activities rather than indirect information exposure are also highlighted, indicating that direct involvement can enhance learning and environmental awareness. In the future, this could result in better adoption of policies towards decreasing pollution.
• Atzmueller, M., Kibanov, M., Scholz, C., Mueller, J., Stumme, G.: Conferator – A Ubiquitous System for Enhancing Social Networking at Conferences. Proc. UIS Workshop (2015).
• Schmidt, A., Atzmueller, M., Stumme, G.: The FEE Project: Introduction and First Insights. Proc. UIS Workshop (2015).
• Kibanov, M., Atzmueller, M., Illig, J., Scholz, C., Barrat, A., Cattuto, C., Stumme, G.: Is Web Content a Good Proxy for Real-Life Interaction? A Case Study Considering Online and Offline Interactions of Computer Scientists (Poster), http://www.gesis.org/css-wintersymposium/program/poster-sessions-presentations/, (2015).
• Kibanov, M., Atzmueller, M., Illig, J., Scholz, C., Barrat, A., Cattuto, C., Stumme, G.: Is Web Content a Good Proxy for Real-Life Interaction? A Case Study Considering Online and Offline Interactions of Computer Scientists. Proceedings of the 2015 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining, ASONAM 2015, Paris, France, August 25-28, 2015 (2015).
• Doerfel, S., Jäschke, R., Stumme, G.: The Role of Cores in Recommender Benchmarking for Social Bookmarking Systems. Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology. (2015).
• Zoller, D., Doerfel, S., Jäschke, R., Stumme, G., Hotho, A.: On Publication Usage in a Social Bookmarking System. Proceedings of the 2015 ACM Conference on Web Science. p. 67:1--67:2. ACM, Oxford, United Kingdom (2015).

  Scholarly success is traditionally measured in terms of citations to publications. With the advent of publication man- agement and digital libraries on the web, scholarly usage data has become a target of investigation and new impact metrics computed on such usage data have been proposed – so called altmetrics. In scholarly social bookmarking sys- tems, scientists collect and manage publication meta data and thus reveal their interest in these publications. In this work, we investigate connections between usage metrics and citations, and find posts, exports, and page views of publications to be correlated to citations.
• Becker, M., Hotho, A., Mueller, J., Kibanov, M., Atzmueller, M., Stumme, G.: Subjective vs. Objective Data: Bridging the Gap, http://www.gesis.org/en/events/css-wintersymposium/poster-presentation/, (2014).

  Sensor data is objective. But when measuring our environment, measured values are contrasted with our perception, which is always subjective. This makes interpreting sensor measurements difficult for a single person in her personal environment. In this context, the EveryAware projects directly connects the concepts of objective sensor data with subjective impressions and perceptions by providing a collective sensing platform with several client applications allowing to explicitly associate those two data types. The goal is to provide the user with personalized feedback, a characterization of the global as well as her personal environment, and enable her to position her perceptions in this global context. In this poster we summarize the collected data of two EveryAware applications, namely WideNoise for noise measurements and AirProbe for participatory air quality sensing. Basic insights are presented including user activity, learning processes and sensor data to perception correlations. These results provide an outlook on how this data can further be used to understand the connection between sensor data and perceptions.
• Macek, B.-E., Atzmueller, M., Stumme, G.: Predicting the Stability of User Interaction Ties in Twitter. Proc. I-KNOW 2014. ACM Press, New York, NY, USA (2014).
• Scholz, C., Atzmueller, M., Kibanov, M., Stumme, G.: Predictability of Evolving Contacts and Triadic Closure in Human Face-to-Face Proximity Networks. Journal of Social Network Analysis and Mining. 4, (2014).
• Scholz, C., Illig, J., Atzmueller, M., Stumme, G.: On the Predictability of Talk Attendance at Academic Conferences (Extended Abstract). Proc. LWA 2014 (KDML Special Track). RTWH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany (2014).
• Kibanov, M., Atzmueller, M., Scholz, C., Stumme, G.: On the Evolution of Contacts and Communities in Networks of Face-to-Face Proximity. In: Guerrero, J.E. (ed.) Proceedings of the 2013 IEEE Cyber, Physical and Social Computing, CPSCom 2013, Beijing, China, 20-23 August, 2013. p. 993--1000. IEEE Computer Society, Los Alamitos, CA, USA (2013).

  Communities are a central aspect in the formation of social interaction networks. In this paper, we analyze the evolution of communities in networks of face-to-face proximity. As our application context, we consider four scientific conferences. We compare the basic properties of the contact graphs to describe the properties of the contact networks and analyze the resulting community structure using state-of-the-art automic community detection algorithms. Specifically, we analyze the evolution of contacts and communities over time to consider the stability of the respective communities. In addition, we assess different factors which have an influence on the quality of community prediction. Overall, we provide first important insights into the evolution of contacts and communities in face-to-face contact networks.
• Mitzlaff, F., Atzmueller, M., Stumme, G., Hotho, A.: On the Semantics of User Interaction in Social Media (Extended Abstract). Proc. LWA 2013 (KDML Special Track). University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany (2013).
• Kibanov, M., Atzmueller, M., Scholz, C., Stumme, G.: Evolution of Contacts and Communities in Networks of Face-to-Face Proximity (Extended Abstract). Proc. LWA 2013 (KDML Special Track). University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany (2013).
• Scholz, C., Atzmueller, M., Kibanov, M., Stumme, G.: How Do People Link? Analysis of Contact Structures in Human Face-to-Face Proximity Networks. In: Rokne, J.G. and Faloutsos, C. (eds.) Proceedings of the 2013 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining, ASONAM 2013, Niagara Falls, Canada, August 25-28, 2013. p. 356--363. ACM, New York, NY, USA (2013).

  Understanding the process of link creation is rather important for link prediction in social networks. Therefore, this paper analyzes contact structures in networks of face-to-face spatial proximity, and presents new insights on the dynamic and static contact behavior in such real world networks. We focus on face-to-face contact networks collected at different conferences using the social conference guidance system Conferator. Specifically, we investigate the strength of ties and its connection to triadic closures in face-to-face proximity networks. Furthermore, we analyze the predictability of all, new and recurring links at different points of time during the conference. In addition, we consider network dynamics for the prediction of new links.
• Scholz, C., Atzmueller, M., Stumme, G.: Analyzing the Predictability of Human Contacts: On Influence Factors and Stronger Ties (Extended Abstract). Proc. LWA 2012 (KDML Special Track). University of Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany. (2012).
• Atzmueller, M., Becker, M., Doerfel, S., Kibanov, M., Hotho, A., Macek, B.-E., Mitzlaff, F., Mueller, J., Scholz, C., Stumme, G.: Ubicon: Observing Social and Physical Activities. Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE International Conference on Cyber, Physical and Social Computing, CPSCom 2012, Besançon, France, 20-23 November, 2012. pp. 317-324. IEEE Computer Society, Los Alamitos, CA, USA (2012).

  The connection of ubiquitous and social computing is an emerging research area which is combining two prominent areas of computer science. In this paper, we tackle this topic from different angles: We describe data mining methods for ubiquitous and social data, specifically focusing on physical and social activities, and provide exemplary analysis results. Furthermore, we give an overview on the Ubicon platform which provides a framework for the creation and hosting of ubiquitous and social applications for diverse tasks and projects. Ubicon features the collection and analysis of both physical and social activities of users for enabling inter-connected applications in ubiquitous and social contexts. We summarize three real-world systems built on top of Ubicon, and exemplarily discuss the according mining and analysis aspects.
• Atzmüller, M., Benz, D., Doerfel, S., Hotho, A., Jäschke, R., Macek, B.E., Mitzlaff, F., Scholz, C., Stumme, G.: Enhancing Social Interactions at Conferences. it - Information Technology. 53, 101-107 (2011).
• Mitzlaff, F., Atzmueller, M., Benz, D., Hotho, A., Stumme, G.: Structure and Consistency: Assessment of Social Bookmarking Communities. Proceedings from Sunbelt XXXI. , Trade Winds Beach Resort (2011).
• Hotho, A., Stumme, G.: From Semantic Web Mining to Social and Ubiquitous Mining - A Subjective View on Past, Current, and Future Research. In: Fensel, D. (ed.) Foundations for the Web of Information and Services. pp. 143-153. Springer (2011).
• Atzmueller, M., Benz, D., Hotho, A., Stumme, G.: Towards Mining Semantic Maturity in Social Bookmarking Systems. In: Passant, A., Fernández, S., Breslin, J., and Bojārs, U. (eds.) Proceedings of the 4th international workshop on Social Data on the Web (SDoW2011) (2011).
• Atzmüller, M., Benz, D., Doerfel, S., Hotho, A., Jäschke, R., Macek, B.E., Mitzlaff, F., Scholz, C., Stumme, G.: Enhancing Social Interactions at Conferences. it - Information Technology. 53, 101--107 (2011).
• Atzmüller, M., Benz, D., Doerfel, S., Hotho, A., Jäschke, R., Macek, B.-E., Mitzlaff, F., Stumme, G.: Enhancing Social Interactions at Conferences. it - Information Technology, (53)3:101--107, Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag GmbH, May 2011. (2011).
• Körner, C., Benz, D., Hotho, A., Strohmaier, M., Stumme, G.: Social Bookmarking Systems: Verbosity Improves Semantics. Proceedings of INSNA Sunbelt XXX. , Riva del Garda Fierecongressi, Trento, Italy (2010).
• Benz, D., Hotho, A., Jäschke, R., Stumme, G., Halle, A., Lima-Gerlach, A.S., Steenweg, H., Stefani, S.: Academic Publication Management with PUMA - collect, organize and share publications. Proceedings of the 14. European Conference on Research and Advanced Technology for Digital Libraries. pp. 417-420. (2010).
• Benz, D., Hotho, A., Jäschke, R., Stumme, G., Halle, A., Lima-Gerlach, A.S., Steenweg, H., Stefani, S.: Academic Publication Management with PUMA - collect, organize and share publications. Proceedings of the 14. European Conference on Research and Advanced Technology for Digital Libraries. pp. 417-420 (2010).

  The PUMA project fosters the Open Access movement und aims at a better support of the researcher’s publication work. PUMA stands for an integrated solution, where the upload of a publication results automatically in an update of both the personal and institutional homepage, the creation of an entry in a social bookmarking systems like BibSonomy, an entry in the academic reporting system of the university, and its publication in the institutional repository. In this poster, we present the main features of our solution.
• Hotho, A., Benz, D., Eisterlehner, F., Jäschke, R., Krause, B., Schmitz, C., Stumme, G.: Publikationsmanagement mit BibSonomy - ein Social-Bookmarking-System für Wissenschaftler. HMD - Praxis der Wirtschaftsinformatik. 271, 47--58 (2010).

  Kooperative Verschlagwortungs- bzw. Social-Bookmarking-Systeme wie Delicious, Mister Wong oder auch unser eigenes System BibSonomy erfreuen sich immer größerer Beliebtheit und bilden einen zentralen Bestandteil des heutigen Web 2.0. In solchen Systemen erstellen Nutzer leichtgewichtige Begriffssysteme, sogenannte Folksonomies, die die Nutzerdaten strukturieren. Die einfache Bedienbarkeit, die Allgegenwärtigkeit, die ständige Verfügbarkeit, aber auch die Möglichkeit, Gleichgesinnte spontan in solchen Systemen zu entdecken oder sie schlicht als Informationsquelle zu nutzen, sind Gründe für ihren gegenwärtigen Erfolg. Der Artikel führt den Begriff Social Bookmarking ein und diskutiert zentrale Elemente wie Browsing und Suche am Beispiel von BibSonomy anhand typischer Arbeitsabläufe eines Wissenschaftlers. Wir beschreiben die Architektur von BibSonomy sowie Wege der Integration und Vernetzung von BibSonomy mit Content-Management-Systemen und Webauftritten. Der Artikel schließt mit Querbezügen zu aktuellen Forschungsfragen im Bereich Social Bookmarking.
• Benz, D., Hotho, A., Stumme, G.: Semantics made by you and me: Self-emerging ontologies can capture the diversity of shared knowledge. Proceedings of the 2nd Web Science Conference (WebSci10). , Raleigh, NC, USA (2010).
• Mitzlaff, F., Atzmueller, M., Benz, D., Hotho, A., Stumme, G.: Community Assessment using Evidence Networks. Proceedings of the Workshop on Mining Ubiquitous and Social Environments (MUSE2010). , Barcelona, Spain (2010).

  Community mining is a prominent approach for identifying (user) communities in social and ubiquitous contexts. While there are a variety of methods for community mining and detection, the effective evaluation and validation of the mined communities is usually non-trivial. Often there is no evaluation data at hand in order to validate the discovered groups. This paper proposes evidence networks using implicit information for the evaluation of communities. The presented evaluation approach is based on the idea of reconstructing existing social structures for the assessment and evaluation of a given clustering. We analyze and compare the presented evidence networks using user data from the real-world social bookmarking application BibSonomy. The results indicate that the evidence networks reflect the relative rating of the explicit ones very well.
• Hotho, A., Benz, D., Eisterlehner, F., Jäschke, R., Krause, B., Schmitz, C., Stumme, G.: Publikationsmanagement mit BibSonomy -- ein Social-Bookmarking-System für Wissenschaftler. HMD -- Praxis der Wirtschaftsinformatik. Heft 271, 47-58 (2010).

  Kooperative Verschlagwortungs- bzw. Social-Bookmarking-Systeme wie Delicious, Mister Wong oder auch unser eigenes System BibSonomy erfreuen sich immer größerer Beliebtheit und bilden einen zentralen Bestandteil des heutigen Web 2.0. In solchen Systemen erstellen Nutzer leichtgewichtige Begriffssysteme, sogenannte Folksonomies, die die Nutzerdaten strukturieren. Die einfache Bedienbarkeit, die Allgegenwärtigkeit, die ständige Verfügbarkeit, aber auch die Möglichkeit, Gleichgesinnte spontan in solchen Systemen zu entdecken oder sie schlicht als Informationsquelle zu nutzen, sind Gründe für ihren gegenwärtigen Erfolg. Der Artikel führt den Begriff Social Bookmarking ein und diskutiert zentrale Elemente (wie Browsing und Suche) am Beispiel von BibSonomy anhand typischer Arbeitsabläufe eines Wissenschaftlers. Wir beschreiben die Architektur von BibSonomy sowie Wege der Integration und Vernetzung von BibSonomy mit Content-Management-Systemen und Webauftritten. Der Artikel schließt mit Querbezügen zu aktuellen Forschungsfragen im Bereich Social Bookmarking.
• Catutto, C., Schmitz, C., Baldassarri, A., Servedio, V.D.P., Loreto, V., Hotho, and A., Grahl, M., Stumme, G.: Network Properties of Folksonomies. AI Communications Journal, Special Issue on "Network Analysis in Natural Sciences and Engineering". (2007).
• Hotho, A., Stumme, G.: Mining the World Wide Web. Künstliche Intelligenz. 5-8 (2007).
• Stumme, G., Ehrig, M., Handschuh, S., Hotho, A., Maedche, A., Motik, B., Oberle, D., Schmitz, C., Staab, S., Stojanovic, L., Stojanovic, N., Studer, R., Sure, Y., Volz, R., Zacharias, V.: The Karlsruhe view on ontologies. University of Karlsruhe, Institute AIFB (2003).
• Ehrig, M., Handschuh, S., Hotho, A., Maedche, A., Motik, B., Oberle, D., Schmitz, C., Staab, S., Stojanovic, L., Stojanovic, N., Studer, R., Stumme, G., Sure, Y., Tane, J., Volz, R., Zacharias, V.: KAON - Towards a large scale Semantic Web. In: Bauknecht, K., Tjoa, A.M., and Quirchmayr, G. (eds.) Proc. E-Commerce and Web Technologies, Third International Conference, EC-Web 2002. Springer, Aix-en-Provence %, France (2002).